具有自己的驱动系统的地基车辆，无需操作员即可遵循预定路线行驶。可以使用或不使用导轨来引导车辆。导轨的解决方案是机械导轨，光学反射系统和感应导轨。所有这些变型都需要地面安装。为此所需的努力导致了没有导轨的导向系统的发展。

       Ground-based vehicle with own drive system that follows a predetermined course without operator. Guidance of the trucks can be with or without guideways. Solutions with guideways are mechanical guides, optical reflex systems, and inductive guides. All these variants require ground installations. The efforts required for this led to the development of guide systems without guideways.